This is an interesting paper that seems to suggest that non-fish eating vegetarians and vegans can somehow convert plant-based omega-3 ALA to the long-chain EPA and DHA more effectively than their fish eating counterparts – ie that some kind of compensatory process goes on.
This is an interesting paper that seems to suggest that non-fish eating vegetarians and vegans can somehow convert plant-based omega-3 ALA to the long-chain EPA and DHA more effectively than their fish eating counterparts – ie that some kind of compensatory process goes on.
Wech A A, Shakya-Shrestha S, Lentjes M A H, Wareham N J and Khaw K-T (2010). Dietary intake and status of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a population of fish-eating and non-fish-eating meat-eaters, vegetarians, and vegans and the precursor-product ratio of -linolenic acid to long-chain n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort
Background: Intakes of n- (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important for health. Because fish is the major source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), non-fish-eaters may have suboptimal n- PUFA status, although the importance of the conversion of plant-derived -linolenic acid (ALA) to EPA and DHA is debated.
Objective: The objective was to determine intakes, food sources, and status of n- PUFAs according to dietary habit (fish-eaters and non-fish-eating meat-eaters, vegetarians, or vegans) and estimated conversion between dietary ALA and circulating long-chain n- PUFAs.
Design: This study included 14,422 men and women aged 39–78 y from the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk cohort with 7-d diary data and a substudy in 4902 individuals with plasma phospholipid fatty acid measures. Intakes and status of n‚Äì3 PUFAs were measured, and the precursor-product ratio of ALA to circulating n– PUFAs was calculated.
Results: Most of the dietary intake of EPA and DHA was supplied by fish; however, meat was the major source in meat-eaters, and spreading fats, soups, and sauces were the major sources in vegetarians. Total n– PUFA intakes were 57–80% lower in non-fish-eaters than in fish-eaters, but status differences were considerably smaller. The estimated precursor-product ratio was greater in women than in men and greater in non-fish-eaters than in fish-eaters.
Conclusions: Substantial differences in intakes and in sources of n– PUFAs existed between the dietary-habit groups, but the differences in status were smaller than expected, possibly because the precursor-product ratio was greater in non-fish-eaters than in fish-eaters, potentially indicating increased estimated conversion of ALA. If intervention studies were to confirm these findings, it could have implications for fish requirements.
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